David J Passiak

Introduction Over the past five years, prompt engineering became nearly synonymous with effectively interacting with AI systems. Driven by necessity, early large language models (LLMs) such as GPT-2 and GPT-3 required carefully structured prompts to produce reliable outputs. Engineers and early adopters developed a quasi-formal discipline of prompt engineering, akin

Executive Summary Generative AI holds transformative potential—but its promise remains locked behind an invisible wall: engineering bias. By prioritizing complex prompt engineering over intuitive, human-centered design, current AI systems are alienating mainstream users and hindering mass adoption. Across industries, a growing body of evidence reveals deep frustration with prompt-driven

Preferred AI Communication Styles by Gender Research shows clear gender-based differences in how adult professionals prefer to interact with AI. Women tend to adopt a more conversational and cautious style, while men often take a direct, “tool-like” approach. For example, a Pew survey on voice assistants found 62% of women